Résumé
In the past few years, self assembly colloidal structures based on opals have received large attention because they offer a cost-effective way of designing ultra-compact and efficient all-optical devices. In this study, we present various approaches to design waveguides and cavities in three-dimensional opal-based photonic crystals. Three practical designs with size suitable to telecommunication technologies at 1.55 mu m are presented. First, we show that the creation of a hexagonal superlattice of defects in a direct monolayer of spheres yields the opening of a photonic band. gap below the light line so that the inclusion of a linear defect in this structure enables the creation of a theoretically lossless waveguide. We also propose the design of a waveguide in a 2D-3D heterostructure, where a graphite lattice of rods is sandwiched between two inverse opal claddings. This structure enables single-mode waveguiding with a maximal bandwidth of 129 nm. Finally, we give the design of a linear cavity, whose quality factor is increased by a factor of 5 when surrounded by an inverse opal.