Résumé
As sessile organisms, plants always have to deal with different environmental stimuli, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) flux as second messengers are one of the common strategies to response against such stimuli. Upon perception of pathogen, molecular warning signals propagate inside the cell and throughout the plant tissue to trigger defense mechanisms. However, the role of ROS and Ca2+ during viral infection process and associated signaling mechanism remains largely unknown. Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that hijack host machineries to facilitate their replication and propagation across the plant through plasmodesmata, communication channels bridging the plant cells. Here, we explored the mutual role of generated ROS and Ca2+ signals using biosensors and study the crosstalk between the two signals during viral infection. The results suggest that virus induces the ROS and Ca2+ elevation in virus infected and distal area on plant leaves and later virus hijacks the host ROS/Ca2+ machineries to invade the host plant. Using genetics, genome editing technology and advanced microscopy techniques including ROS biosensors, we showed that virus perturbs ROS production and the plasma membrane (PM) organization by interrupting PM localized protein nanodomains that contribute to the ROS and Ca2+ signaling.