Résumé
genetic variations. Moreover, the linkage disequilibrium between epi-alleles appeared to be independent to genetic variations. These two observations suggested that epialleles, including them under natural selection, are partially independent of the genetic variations. Employing the classical fixation index, we identified 136 heritable candidate regions under altitudinal selection. These loci overlapped with genes involved in the O-methyltransferase activity. However, only one of them overlapped with epi-alleles associated with altitude by epigenome-wide association (EWA) approach and none of them was associated with the phenotypic traits measured. Finally, we distinguished epi-alleles under selection that were regulated by genomic variation, revealing that most of the epi-alleles under selection in the two altitude groups were non-genetically determined.These findings suggest that epi-allele could be an essential way of adaption in clonal species, potentially compensating for their low genetic variation.