Résumé
The global demand for freshwater, particularly reclaimed water, underscores the urgent need to address wastewater challenges in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the European Water Framework Directive (EU WFD). Recent revisions to the EU WFD have imposed stricter limits on nutrient releases and introduced new requirements for micropollutant removal. Concurrent research focuses on the complexities of 'emerging' micropollutants due to their uncertain effects on aquatic ecosystems and potential exposure levels (Lim et al., 2020). Anaerobic membrane processes show potential in degrading micropollutants via microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes. However, the substantial energy demands and limitations in addressing persistent hazardous micropollutants at trace concentrations due to limited anaerobic biotransformation rates remain concerns (Liu et al., 2020). This highlights the critical need for research, innovation, and advanced treatment facilities to efficiently remove organics and micropollutants while minimizing energy consumption and maximizing biogas recovery (Sanchez et al., 2022).