Résumé
With the objective of using plant models as predictive tools scaling from genotype to phenotype, model parameters should have a strong genetic determinant. For this purpose, the modeling process involves assessing the differences in model parameters between varieties. In this study, a model of flower fertility is used to explain the observed behaviors and to identify the variety related parameters relevant to seed production. The model simulates the steps of seed production: ovule formation, landing of pollen grains on a flower, fertilization of ovule by pollen grains, possible abortion of the fertilized ovules. The aims of this study are to assess the differences of estimated parameters and identify the factors that can explain observed differences among varieties in the number of seeds per pod. Four varieties of oilseed rape (Mendel, Gamin, Exocet and Pollen) were grown at the experimental station of Grignon, France. Ten plants were marked and 15 pods from rank 11 to 40 (to eliminate the effect of position) on the main stem were collected on each plant for each variety. The numbers of seeds and aborted seeds were recorded. The total seed dry weight for each plant was measured. The maximum number of ovules per flower is different among the four varieties with the range of 36-45. The landing of pollen grains on a flower was significantly different among the varieties, although they were grown in the same field. The estimation result of model allows us to conclude that pollination and resource competition have the similar impact on the ovule and seed abortion. However, for the variety Gamin, the probability of fertilized ovules to abort was quite large in agreement with the smaller number of seeds measured but mean seed weight was higher than others (P<0.001, ANOVA). The data analysis indicated that the small number of seeds per pod was compensated by a higher seed weight. The abortion of seeds could result from insufficient pollination and resource competition. Current work aims at quantifying more precisely the roles of these factors and investigating other ones. We intend to use the model to distinguish the effects of different factors on seed production, such as the plant architecture. One way is to compare the behaviors of the main stem, the ramifications and the plants.