Résumé
The Mediterranean landscapes of the central Tunisian Dorsale have been attractive areas for human groups throughout the Holocene. Present cultural landscapes vary along altitudinal and human gradients, resulting in a heterogeneous landscape mosaic. Despite their fundamental role in reconstructing landscape shaping processes from paleoenvironmental data, no studies on modern pollen-vegetation relationships have been published so far in the Tunisian Dorsale. Besides, the relationship between Non-Pollen Palynomorphs (NPP) and local vegetation or land use has never been described in the region. This modern calibration will improve paleoenvironmental reconstructions using multiple complementary bioindicators to better understand past plant and fungal diversity under anthropogenic forcing.Around the village of Aïn Bou Sadiaa (Siliana governorate), we collected 58 modern moss, soil, root, and dung samples in association with a relevé of landscape metrics and descriptions of the surrounding vegetation. Following three altitudinal gradients, sampling sites ranged from lowland wadis (~400 m a.s.l.) to mid-elevation sclerophyllous forests on the Jbel Bargou (~800 m a.s.l.). We present the data collected for open (e.g., Mediterranean grassland), shrubby or semi-open (e.g., matorral, thalweg shrubland), closed (e.g., sclerophyll forest, riparian forest) and agricultural (e.g., huerta, parkland) landscapes. These transects also cross landscape units subject to a strong gradient of human impact linked to a variety of agropastoral practices.