Résumé
Facing the challenge of energy and food in Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world according to the classification by Human Development Index of UNDP. It has few energy resources and its agriculture is not enough efficient and diversified to lead definitively the country out of food insecurity. However the current global economic crisis urges countries to focus on the exploitation of domestic resources to reduce their dependence to volatile prices on the international market. Technico-organisational solutions exist to improve energy efficiency of production processes in food chains or in the consumption patterns of households or to produce energy from local resources. This paper explores how shifting the practises in processing such as drying fish or the production of shea butter, or valorization of waste like the hulls and muds of churning, or again new energy such as biofuels, may make improvements address both the problem of access to energy and the issue of feeding the population. It promotes the interest of multidisciplinarity work involving economists, energy specialists and technologists with a technico-economic and organisational approach of value chains in agro-food.