Résumé
While small-scale variations (substitutions, indels, etc…) and their impact on fitness are well-understood, the impact of large-scale structural variants (duplication, inversion, …) is now becoming a major trend in evolutionary biology. Their impact on mosquitoes biology and adaptation has however long been recognized, both in terms of speciation and for their impact on insecticide resistance. For example, it is well known that inversions play a key role in the diversification of the species complex Anopheles gambiae. In the same complex, the role of duplicated resistance alleles at the ace-1 locus has also been the focus of several studies: several alleles have been found, either multiple copies of the resistance alleles (homogeneous duplications) or alleles resulting from tandem duplications of resistance and susceptible alleles (heterogeneous duplications).In this talk, I will present an overview of the diversity of resistance alleles duplications found in the species complex Culex pipiens s.l., at different locus (the major locus implicated in insecticide resistance), taking advantage of our recent analysis of a worldwide sample of mosquitoes whose full genome was sequenced. I will also discuss more generally the role of structural variants in adaptation to environmental variation and their implications in terms of mosquito control.