Résumé
The model-theoretic approach developed by Tarski in the first half of the 20th century aimed at building a bridge between formal systems and reality, including mathematics. In this theoretical paper, we first present the main features of the model-theoretic approach, which we illustrate by presenting and discussing the axiomatic systems provided by Tarski for the foundations of arithmetic of real numbers. In the second part, we highlight and illustrate, on the basis of previous works, the value of a model-theoretic approach for didactic research on proof and proving in mathematics. This supports the claim that the model-theoretic approach developed by Tarski provides researchers with a logical framework for addressing critical questions about the dialectical relationship between syntax and semantics in proof and proving, from a didactic perspective.