Résumé
Recent techniques in molecular biology, especially the use of microsatellites markers, and advances in statistics are very useful to characterize the genetic structure of populations and to deduce adapted rules for wildlife management and farming. It becomes possible i) to infer demographic changes, to assess the level of gene flow between populations and the impact of human activities on wild populations; ii) to estimate the impact of farming system on genetic diversity of captive populations, to help the farmers on parentage control in their herds and to set up efficient breeding schemes. In the tropical countries, deer production, including farming and hunting, is economically very important but most often empirical. In this context, we set up a genotyping tool for several tropical deer species using microsatellites markers derived from bovine. Twelve polymorphic microsatellites, labelled with three different fluorochromes, are multiplexed in three PCRs, and analyzed using an ABI 377 sequencer. This genotyping tool was used to characterize populations of two economically important tropical deer species, the Vietnamese sika deer and the rusa deer. (Résumé d'auteur)