Résumé
Synthetic insecticides have been key actors for malaria control in Madagascar since 1949, with the first use of DDT. Nonetheless insecticide resistances rapidly appeared and spread across Madagascar. We carried out an historical review of all the studies monitoring the resistance in Anopheles in order the understand the spatio-temporal dynamics. Between 1965 and 2023, a total of 2,285 resistance tests were performed on four different Anopheles species at 131 sites across Madagascar.Our results showed that insecticide resistances are very common in Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus populations for most of the insecticides families, while An. mascarensis and An. coustani remain susceptible. Resistances are widely distributed across the island, which means that there are not geographical barriers to their spread. Interestingly, susceptible status is restored in some locations through time. Isolated from the continent, Madagascar offers a compelling opportunity to understand the origin and evolution of insecticide resistance in Anopheles. The reemergence of malaria in the island during the las deacade, require to better understand the underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms involved in the resistance.