Résumé
This chapter delves into the transformative potential of mid-infrared (MIR) integrated photonic platforms for sensing applications, emphasizing their ability to exploit the molecular fingerprint spectral region. With advancements in materials such as germanium, GeSn, chalcogenides, and III-V semiconductors, MIR photonics enables compact, high-sensitivity, and selective sensors vital for environmental monitoring, medicine, and industry. The chapter systematically explores key technologies—absorption and phase-based mechanisms, nonlinear phenomena like supercontinuum generation and Kerr frequency combs, and waveguide-based configurations. Additionally, it examines the state-of-the-art in integrated optoelectronic devices, with a critical focus on the challenges of incorporating MIR lasers (e.g., ICLs, QCLs) into platforms via heterogeneous or monolithic integration. It also highlights the impressive progress in GeSn photonics and the potential of chalcogenides for nonlinear optics and rare-earth doping. Despite barriers like optical losses and manufacturing constraints, significant milestones in scalability, sustainability, and integration promise a robust trajectory for MIR sensing technology.