Résumé
Soil, a non-renewable resource crucial for food production, is severely threatened by degradation and climate change, particularly through the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). As the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir, SOC plays a vital role in climate regulation, yet human activities and land use changes have caused massive carbon losses. Soil carbon sequestration offers a promising solution to mitigate climate change while enhancing food security and biodiversity. Effective SOC management depends not only on technical practices but also on socio-economic and political factors. This chapter explores both technical solutions and territorial approaches, especially in West Africa, while assessing potential maladaptation risks.