Résumé
This chapter focuses on the development of synthetic routes to introduce well‐defined porosity into hydrothermal carbons. It introduces and discusses various synthetic routes towards porous hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)‐derived materials or composites, focusing on the synthesis of different pore systems and morphologies directed by the presence of various structure‐directing agents. Attention is given to the utilization of naturally occurring biocomposites and their use in the preparation of porous HTC‐derived materials. The methods presented in the chapter allow tailoring of the final structure via the tools of colloid and polymer science, leading to selectable material morphology for a wide range of applications. Aerogels are known in a great variety of compositions and are used in numerous high‐end applications, including chromatography, adsorption, separation, gas storage, detectors, heat insulation, and as supports and ion exchange materials.