Résumé
The reproductive function and sexual maturation is under the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The gonadotropins, LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), are the two hormones secreted by gonadotropes cells located in the anterior pituitary, that control gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in all mammals. Practically, LH stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to produce testosterone (and indirectly estradiol), whereas FSH stimulates the spermatogenic tissue of the testes, thus insuring proper male reproductive function. This article aims at providing an overview of knowledge regarding the properties and regulatory mechanism that exist within the pituitary gonadotropic system in animal models. Particularly, we will focus on understanding how a single cell type can guarantee appropriate regulation of both LH and FSH using a unique ligand.