Résumé
In seizure conditions, neurogliovascular immune communications, blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage, and synaptic circuitry functional remodeling are dynamic processes that unfold over time and by brain region. These processes are associated with the generation and maintenance of epileptic networks. Accumulating evidence suggests that pericytes and microglial cells play critical roles in contributing to epileptogenic events, with a specific and renewed attention to pro and antiinflammatory equilibriums that strictly depend on the disease stage. Implications for pericytes include BBB dysfunction during and after seizures, while microglia is involved in cerebrovascular and neural network remodeling through altered surveillance, phagocytic, and inflammatory responses. These cellular modifications can span from the epileptogenic foci to seizurepropagating regions or networks. Understanding how pericyte and microglial cells interact with neuronal and cerebrovascular structures will facilitate the development of multitarget pharmacological strategies for epilepsy. Within this framework, the timing of pharmacological intervention could dictate therapeutic success, in the light of the varying and contrasting inflammatory and neurovascular trajectories that are cellspecific and unfold after a seizure or during epilepsy.