Résumé
P2X receptors are ATP-gated channels and form the third major family of ligand-gated channels. Unlike other neurotransmitter-gated channels, P2X receptors have a widespread distribution outside the brain and are involved in many physiological functions. A main function associated to P2X receptors is chronic pain. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms underlying P2X receptors involvement in pain, with a particular emphasis on the contribution of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors expressed by immune cells in the establishment of network hyperexcitability and chronic pain.