Résumé
NIRS is ideally suited to perform brain imaging in various populations during movement as it represents several advantages over other methods (Perrey, Methods 45:289–299, 2008). Thus, it is not surprising that the last two decades have witnessed a considerable increase in the use of NIRS with healthy subjects and patients. This chapter first outlines typical hemodynamic changes measured with NIRS in responses to different exercise demands. Then, we describe its future prospective in neuroimaging clinical studies with emphasis on the fact that although there are still many problems to solve, the potential benefits of NIRS are considerable for obtaining further insights into brain functions during exercise.