Résumé
The global HIV epidemic is extremely heterogeneous and dynamic in nature, embracing several epidemics specific to different geographic locations and populations, as evidenced in Africa. Although the degree of surveillance for HIV-1 strains has increased in recent years, more information is needed. Both the current incidence and the current distribution of HIV subtypes need to be better established. Only with these data, will it be possible to track changes in subtype distribution over time and detect the introduction of novel subtypes or CRFs into populations. This information is vital to delineating the historical and dynamic details of the epidemic. Subtype and strain surveillance is necessary to monitor the emergence of new subtypes and strains that may be naturally resistant to antiretroviral drugs. Finally, knowing the distribution of HIV-1 strains will likely be relevant for vaccine development.