Résumé
Extensive resective surgery plays a major role in prolonging survival of glioma patients. However, patient’s will is not to survive as long as possible, but rather to enjoy the longest possible «normal» life. Because glioma infiltrates functional tissue, it is necessary to define resection boundaries by functional maps rather than by tumoral imaging. In this perspective, advances in brain mapping have deeply improved the surgical management of glioma patients. In this chapter, we summarize the preoperative and intraoperative methods that allows to map the brain and we review the cortical and axonal mapping of the main cognitive functions.