Abstract
If, for a long time, uses of cereals have diversified to form several value chains, new societal expectations are developing to create a bio-economy using renewable raw materials and preserving the climate. Cereals are already used in several industrial applications (pharmaceuticals, stationery, textiles, etc.). Ongoing research aims to develop genuine green chemistry with a view to substituting fossil carbon to create new materials, new molecules (synthons), and renewable energy. This perspective raises the question of redesigning cereal chains to limit losses and waste in the framework of a circular economy. In such a context, a systemic approach to the biorefinery concept should be further explored.