Abstract
This paper aims to show how the use of gender in medical anthropology provides a relevant, efficient and useful analysis for health issues. This study is based on two examples from a geographical area strongly influenced by the Mossi culture in Burkina Faso. This paper seeks to show how the use of an original gender approach to social representations and practices with regard to health gives rise to results providing a better understanding of the cultural constructs of male and female genders within society.