Résumé
The adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex organ system that ensures nutrition and multiple homeostasis process in all vertebrates. The GI system initially derives from one simple and uniform tube. In this article, we passed through the anatomy and function of the adult GI tract before focusing on the development of the primitive and fetal GI tract. We described the early patterning and the later differentiation of the fetal GI tract ant its colonization by the enteric nervous system. We explained the importance of the reciprocal multilayer interactions to ensure early patterning, late differentiation, and epithelial organization. Finally, we concluded by showing the importance of these events to achieve the normal and functional digestive system. Altogether, this article describes the development and the multi-Tissular interaction mechanisms that drive the differentiation of the fetal GI tract in order to ensure correct morphogenesis and basic function.