Résumé
The examples of present-day passive margins, which result from the exhumation of subcontinental mantle along the transition between the ocean and the continent, seem to be associated with conditions favorable for the development of an abnormally high geothermal gradient and mantle heat flow. The Mauléon Basin, which contains several petroleum exploration wells, thus provides access to the state of the geothermal gradient during rifting to understand its evolution during the Pyrenean compression phase and to its link with the mantle anomaly localized beneath the basin. This chapter presents the results of a study combining RSCM thermometry and numerical modeling of the thermal evolution of the Mauléon Basin. The Jurassic episode, preceding the Cretaceous rifting phase, corresponds to a tectonically stable period following the Permo–Triassic rifting phase, which ends with the deposition of a thick evaporitic sequence