Abstract
A recent archaeobotanical review on historical periods in Roussillon enlightens the importance of grapevine among the Mediterranean trio, completed by the naked wheat and hulled barley. While the remains of fruits and charcoals reveal the exploitation of grapevine and the production of wine since the 1st c. A.D., the nature and evolution of this production through time has to be discussed. Through the compilation and critic of archaeobotanical data, this paper intends to propose the first results on the question of the culture and exploitation of the grapevine in the Roussillon area, from the early Roman Empire to the late Middle Ages.