Résumé
This chapter explores some of the colonial processes that shaped Gaul’s viticultural economy, especially in the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis and Narbonensis. Considering old and new archaeological data, it examines the trajectory of the first vine-growing and winemaking initiatives in these areas between the end of the Republic and the start of the Empire. This reveals a complex and diverse process, often built on traditional indigenous foundations of practice, but developed through new Roman initiatives, driven by both civilian and military consumer markets.