Résumé
As the world faces increasing challenges posed by non-renewable energy sources, it is urgent to explore sustainable alternatives to meet growing energy demands. By 2050, the usage of fossil fuels is projected to decrease by approximately 80% compared with current levels. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are required to address these issues. Biohydrogen is a carbon-free gaseous fuel with a high-energy content of 143kJ/g, making it a promising energy carrier for the future. Producing biohydrogen from biomass and agro-industry waste offers the twin advantage of lowering waste biomass and greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of biohydrogen generation systems, encompassing both biological and thermochemical processes. It covers the technologies for biohydrogen transport and storage, detailing gaseous and liquid transportation methods, as well as various storage techniques including gaseous, liquid, and solid-state storage. The chapter also explores the applications of biohydrogen in electricity generation, industrial processes, and transportation. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with biohydrogen production from biomass, highlighting technical and operational considerations, economic factors, storage issues, and environmental impacts. The term "bio" in biohydrogen specifically refers to its derivation from biomass sources.