Résumé
Cancer is definitely not a disease strictly confined to human populations. Indeed, despite a lack of robustly collected datasets, it is becoming increasingly evident that cancer can affect almost all multicellular species. In this chapter, we review how animal species may have selected complex and efficient mechanisms of cancer resistance, which could rely on cellular processes or behavior adjustment. Meanwhile, we illustrate also how cancer can interfere with the ecology of the affected species, leading to scrambled abiotic and biotic relationships with other species that could impact significantly the whole ecosystem functioning. We finally suggest that such cancer resistance mechanisms and ecosystem structure should interact together, which is extraordinarily challenging to forecast but could represent a crucial insight into our understanding of community ecology, as well as the complex selective pressures played by the carcinogenic process.