Résumé
This chapter proposes a general overview of data and methods allowing for spatiotemporal representation of marine fish species distribution and abundance. The most widespread approach to model and map the spatiotemporal distribution of fish species is described. The value of these approaches’ outputs to improve knowledge about the dynamics of marine ichthyofauna, estimate the consequences of human disturbances, and simulate prospective scenarios accounting for global change and management measures is presented. Last, the interest in this quantitative information to prioritize protection areas and improve fisheries management systems is evidenced.