Abstract
Orchids of the genus Ophrys have experienced recent explosive evolutionary radiation. In order to propose a coherent definition of the notion of species for the Ophrys, it is therefore essential to consider the species in the context of the process of speciation. Since the genus Ophrys has undergone significant, rapid and recent diversification, the systematics and, a fortiori, the taxonomy of this genus is far from having reached a state of consensus. Where the taxonomic activity of orchidophiles tends to be faster than that of scientists, recent advances in genomics and integrative taxonomy open up promising perspectives. The increasing number of available chloroplast genomes will be accompanied in the coming months by the availability of several additional transcriptomes and, in the medium term, a high-quality reference genome for Ophrys. These resources will undoubtedly open a new era in the development of new genetic markers to improve knowledge of the systematics of the genus.