Résumé
Small-scale fisheries require knowledge in decision-making, particularly as they face many of the same issues affecting large-scale, industrial fisheries, such as declining fish stocks, marine habitats degradation, resource use competition, and climate change. There are other characteristics of small-scale fisheries, however, that cause additional challenges. For example, small-scale fisheries target many species that are not usually exploited by their large-scale counterpart. The export values from small-scale fisheries catches are also generally lower than those from large-scale, due partly to the subsistence nature of small-scale fisheries and the relatively high proportion of use directly for household consumption in local communities. Systematic data collection and information systems drawing data from multiple sources, through on-board sampling and market sampling, have been focused mostly on large-scale fisheries and the economic contribution of small-scale fisheries may not justify investment in the 'machinery' of modern fishery science. In this chapter, we briefly review approaches and models used in assessing large-scale fisheries as part of the modern fisheries management and discuss their applicability to small-scale fisheries. Next, we present four examples of initiatives that aim to improve information about small-scale fisheries through: (i) national-level fisheries statistics; (ii) information crowdsourcing; (iii) effort estimation; and, (iv) integration of fishers' knowledge in marine spatial planning. The chapter concludes with recommendations about ways forward.