Résumé
During the past decade, bats were shown to a major source for new viruses. Among themare well known coronaviruses such as SRAS or MERS but also Ebola. At the same time, nodirect infection from bat to human has been demonstrated. The dynamic of transmission ofbat-borne viruses is therefore a complex process involving both sylvatic and urban cycles,and intermediate hosts not always identified. The threat potentially exists, and drivers mustbe sought for man-made environmental changes. Anthropized environments are mosaiclandscapes attracting at the same place different bat species usually not found together.Anthropized landscape is also characterized by a higher density of bat-borne viruses. Thethreat of new bat-borne virus outbreaks has greatly increased in the recent years along withmedia anthropization and the extremely rapid deforestation process. Deforestation couldbe a major contributing factor to new viral emergences due to more frequent contacts oflivestock and humans with bats possibly containing infectious viruses.