Résumé
In this chapter 915 cultivated species from 466 genera and 129 families are presented; 42 species have their primary center of diversity (domestication assessment 5) in the Pacific, while 22 species present their secondary center of diversity (domestication assessment 4) in the Australian Oceania region. Not less than 326 imported species are now showing ongoing adaptation with 392 imported species with indications of adaptation, and 133 with potential for certain adaptation. New species are currently introduced mainly as ornamentals. Globalization and changes in diets are having a serious impact on cultivated species diversity. Genetic erosion within species is accelerating and many landraces are disappearing because they are obsolete. It is expected that the phenomenon will contribute to increased communities' vulnerability considering present demographic growth and climate changes.