Résumé
The functional anatomy of the pelvic floor is based on a triple system of suspensor ligaments, cohesive fascia and muscle support. The integrity of these systems is essential if a normal anatomic and functional pelvi-perineal equilibrium is to be maintained. The levator ani is the principal muscle of the pelvic floor. It is made up mainly of the ileococcygeus muscle, that forms the levator plate, and the pubovisceral (or pubococcygeus) muscle which shares connective tract with adjacent organs and is divided into 2 bundles, the pubovaginal bundle and the puborectal bundle that is key to maintaining the pelvi-perineal functional equilibrium.
The pelvic floor plays many crucial roles in urinary continence, micturition, anal continence, defecation cycles, maintaining healthy sexuality and preserving the possibilities of pregnancy and normal childbirth. The fulfillment of all these roles depends on a complex and delicate balance that must be conserved.
The occurrence of pelvic floor disorders can be explained by successive exposures during life to congenital (tissue and anatomic factors), acquired (particularly obstetric trauma to the perineum), lifestyle and aging-related factors.