Résumé
Research in agroforestry in the 1970s was inspired by a large body of agroforestry practice that had developed historically through farmers' knowledge. Trees, crops, and/or livestock associations follow patterns that differ according to biocultural, social, economic, and political contexts. Interactions between wild and cultivated components is a key feature in agroforestry. Trees represent opportunities for producing food and a diversity of products for local livelihoods and market demands within management systems that are based on local ecological dynamics. Trees also serve as symbols linking agroforests strongly to collective identity, territory, and external political forces. Farmer agroforestry practices represent the major driver for tree domestication across the planet. Different forms of tree domestication are a result of the trees' direct morphological response to farmers' actions and interconnected social, economic, and political drivers affecting forests, territories, and livelihoods. New perspectives in agroforestry relate to environmental issues, resilience, and new social networks.