Résumé
Methane is the second most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas after CO2, with a strong short-term warming effect. Agriculture accounts for about 40% of anthropogenic methane emissions, mainly from ruminant enteric fermentation, manure management, and rice cultivation. This chapter reviews global and national policies to reduce methane emissions, such as the Global Methane Pledge, which targets a 30% reduction by 2030. It explores some specific mitigation strategies in the agricultural sector: improved livestock feeding, livestock genetic selection, water management in rice systems (e.g., alternate wetting and drying), and manure treatment technologies. Reducing methane has a rapid climate benefit and is crucial for meeting Paris Agreement goals while balancing food security and rural livelihoods.