Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the processes used to deconstruct cellulosic fibers into cellulose nanomaterials (CNM) and their use in one of the most promising applications, namely, engineered (bio)plastics. We focus on the preparation of CNM via chemical and enzymatic pretreatments and discuss the most recent developments in related areas. The mechanical processes used to isolate CNM are described, with an emphasis on their effect on morphological and strength development. We also provide a comparative analysis of the industrialization potential of the most important methods to incorporate CNM in polymeric matrices. Classical and emerging uses of CNM in engineering (bio)plastics are presented, considering (i) CNM dispersion in polymer matrices to develop nanocomposites and, (ii) CNM adsorption at interfaces in polymer blends and composites to build hierarchical structures. The dispersion/orientation state of CNM in such materials and the underlying physical–chemical phenomena related to interfacial interactions between CNM and the polymer phase are discussed. The latter takes into consideration the impact of CNM on the development of functional materials. Overall, this chapter offers essential knowledge to facilitate the conversion of cellulosic fibers into CNM and their implementation in the field of composites.