Résumé
About 10,000 years ago, our ancestors discovered agriculture and thereby exerted new selection pressures on wild plants: the process of domestication began. Over the course of millennia, this process led to what are generally called 'primitive varieties'. From the 16th century onwards, with the development of intercontinental migrations, the cultivation of plants went far beyond their zone of origin and diversification. Finally, the 20th century has been marked by the rapid development of selection techniques and modes of cultivation and by the production of new idiotypes. Thus, a considerable diversity of species and forms has been created.